GenLabs Cardarine GW501516 20mg – 30 Capsules: Premium PPARδ Receptor Agonist for Advanced Research

In the realm of investigative biochemistry and metabolic research, few compounds have sparked as much scientific interest as Cardarine, also known as GW501516. GenLabs is proud to introduce its premium, analytically verified Cardarine GW501516, presented in a highly concentrated formula of 20mg per capsule, within a 30-capsule supply. This product embodies our commitment to providing researchers with a reliable, high-purity tool for studying metabolic pathways, endurance mechanisms, and lipid metabolism in a controlled laboratory setting.

Our GenLabs Cardarine is synthesized under strict quality control protocols, ensuring a compound free from impurities and inconsistent dosing—common pitfalls in lesser-quality research materials. Each capsule is meticulously formulated to deliver exactly 20mg of the potent PPARδ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta) agonist, allowing for precise and reproducible experimental conditions.

Understanding Cardarine (GW501516): A Scientific Overview

Cardarine is the common nomenclature for the compound GW501516, originally developed in the 1990s by pharmaceutical giants GlaxoSmithKline and Ligand Pharmaceuticals. It was investigated for its potential to address metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes by targeting PPARδ receptors. While never approved for human therapeutic use, it remains a vital compound for in-vitro (outside a living organism) and in-vivo (within animal models) laboratory research due to its profound and well-documented mechanistic actions.

Core Mechanism of Action: PPARδ Receptor Activation

The primary and most significant action of Cardarine is its potent and selective agonism of the PPARδ receptor. PPARs are nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors, regulating the expression of numerous genes. The δ subtype is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, the liver, adipose tissue, and the heart.

When Cardarine binds to and activates PPARδ, it triggers a cascade of genetic expression that fundamentally alters cellular metabolism:

1. Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation: PPARδ activation upregulates genes involved in the transport, breakdown, and utilization of fatty acids as an energy substrate. This shifts the cell's primary fuel source from glucose to stored lipids.

2. Mitochondrial Biogenesis: It promotes the creation of new mitochondria (the cellular power plants) and enhances their oxidative capacity, increasing the cell's overall energy output and efficiency.

3. Glucose Metabolism Modulation: While promoting fat burning, it also improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, contributing to balanced energy substrate utilization.

4. Shift to Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers: Research indicates PPARδ activation can influence muscle fiber type, promoting characteristics associated with endurance (slow-twitch, oxidative fibers) over fast-twitch, glycolytic fibers.

Key Research Applications and Laboratory Insights

The mechanisms described above make GenLabs Cardarine GW501516 20mg an indispensable tool for researchers exploring specific physiological and biochemical domains. It is critical to note that all following points refer to observed effects in preclinical research models and are presented for educational purposes regarding its research utility.

• Endurance and Exercise Performance Models: Studies have shown that activation of PPARδ by compounds like Cardarine leads to a dramatic increase in running endurance and resistance to fatigue in animal models. This is attributed to the enhanced ability to utilize fat stores, sparing glycogen, and increasing the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Researchers utilize it to study the molecular limits of endurance and adaptive responses to physical stress.

• Lipid Profile and Metabolic Syndrome Research: Cardarine has been observed to produce a favorable shift in lipid profiles in research models, including significant reductions in triglycerides and LDL ("bad") cholesterol, and increases in HDL ("good") cholesterol. This makes it a potent compound for investigating interventions related to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic pathways.

• Body Composition Studies: By promoting the oxidation of fatty acids in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, Cardarine serves as a tool for studying nutrient partitioning and the genetic regulation of body composition under various dietary conditions.

• Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis: Its role in improving insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver tissue makes it relevant for research into type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders, exploring non-insulin pathways for glucose management.

• Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Energy Research: As a potent inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis, it is a key compound for studies focused on mitochondrial diseases, aging-related energy decline, and cellular metabolic efficiency.

Why Choose GenLabs Cardarine GW501516 20mg?

The research community cannot afford inconsistencies. GenLabs sets the standard for quality and reliability.

1. Uncompromising Purity (>98%): Every batch of our Cardarine is analyzed via advanced chromatographic methods (HPLC) to confirm a purity level exceeding 98%. This ensures researchers are working with the intended compound, without confounding results from impurities or isomers.

2. Precise 20mg Dosage: Each veggie capsule contains a precisely measured 20mg of GW501516 powder. This high-concentration format is designed for advanced research protocols requiring significant and accurate dosing.

3. Third-Party Laboratory Verified: Our Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is provided from an independent, accredited laboratory, confirming identity, purity, and concentration. Transparency is the cornerstone of our operation.

4. Stable, Capsule Formulation: The capsule format protects the compound from degradation due to light and air, ensuring stability throughout your research period. The powder is non-compressed for consistent dissolution properties.

5. Clear Labeling & Compliance: The product is explicitly labeled "For Research Use Only. Not for Human Consumption." in compliance with all relevant regulations. GenLabs products are designed solely for controlled laboratory experimentation.

GenLabs: Committed to the Scientific Process

At GenLabs, we understand that groundbreaking discoveries are built on a foundation of reliable materials. Our mission is to empower the scientific community by providing reference-grade research compounds. Our Cardarine GW501516 is produced in an ISO-certified facility, following cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practice) guidelines, and is subjected to rigorous in-house and third-party testing.

Product Specifications

• Compound: Cardarine (GW501516)

• Concentration: 20mg per capsule

• Total Quantity: 30 capsules

• Purity: ≥98% (HPLC Verified)

• Form: Microcrystalline Powder in Veggie Capsule

• Molecular Formula: C21H18F3NO3S2

• Molecular Weight: 453.5 g/mol

• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place (20-25°C). Protect from light and moisture.

• Intended Use: For laboratory research purposes only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or human use.

Disclaimer

This product is sold explicitly as a research chemical. It is intended for in-vitro laboratory research and analysis by qualified professionals. It is NOT intended for human or veterinary consumption, nor for diagnostic or therapeutic use. The information presented here is a summary of published scientific literature on the compound's mechanism and is for educational purposes only. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to ensure compliance with all local, state, federal, and institutional regulations regarding the acquisition, handling, and use of this material. Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.

GenLabs Testosterone Suspension (Water-Based) 50mg/ml: Pure, Unparalleled, and Potent

In the realm of performance pharmacology, few compounds command as much respect and caution as pure, unesterified Testosterone Suspension. GenLabs, a name synonymous with pharmaceutical precision, presents its flagship aqueous suspension: Testosterone Suspension (Water-Based) 50mg per milliliter. This product represents the most fundamental form of the androgen hormone, devoid of ester chains, offering an activity profile that is both brutally effective and demanding of utmost respect. Designed for the experienced user with specific, acute performance goals, it is not a foundational therapy but a strategic tool of remarkable potency.

Decoding the Science: What is Testosterone Suspension?

Unlike the vast majority of testosterone formulations (such as enanthate, cypionate, or propionate), Testosterone Suspension is not an esterified compound. The testosterone hormone is left in its pure, unaltered state, suspended (not dissolved) in a sterile aqueous (water-based) solution. This fundamental difference dictates its entire pharmacokinetic profile.

The absence of an ester means there is no fatty acid side-chain to delay release. Upon intramuscular injection, the microscopic testosterone crystals are deposited and are immediately available for absorption into the bloodstream. This results in an incredibly rapid spike in serum testosterone levels, often within hours, with a total biological half-life estimated between a few hours to a single day. This starkly contrasts with esterified versions, which release over days or weeks.

GenLabs Manufacturing Excellence: The Water-Based Advantage

GenLabs’ commitment to quality is evident in its choice of a water-based suspension over oil-based alternatives. This formulation offers distinct, critical benefits:

• Reduced Injection Site Discomfort: While any suspension can cause post-injection pain (PIP) due to crystalline deposits, water-based carriers are generally better tolerated and absorbed more predictably than thick oil-based suspensions, potentially mitigating severity.

• Precision in Dosing: The aqueous suspension ensures consistent particle distribution, guaranteeing accurate dosage per milliliter with every draw.

• Sterility and Purity: GenLabs utilizes state-of-the-art micronization and suspension technology under strict sterile conditions. The result is a product of exceptional purity, with uniform crystal size to promote consistent release and minimize variability.

• No Estrogenic Solubilizers: The formulation avoids the use of potent solvents sometimes necessary for high-concentration oil-based solutions, focusing on purity and tolerability.

Pharmacological Profile and Primary Use Cases

The unique profile of GenLabs Testosterone Suspension makes it unsuitable for standard testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or beginner cycles. Its application is highly specialized:

1. Pre-Competition Peak Performance: The quintessential use for athletes in strength sports or physique competition. Injected 60-90 minutes before an event, it provides an explosive surge in aggression, raw strength, neuromuscular drive, and a profound "alpha" mindset without water retention (as there is no aromatization in the compound itself). It’s the ultimate "PR" or "meet day" drug.

2. Kickstarting a Cycle: While Propionate is common, Suspension acts even faster. Used for the first 1-2 weeks of a cycle alongside a longer ester (e.g., Testosterone Enanthate), it brings androgen levels to peak effectiveness immediately, bypassing the 4-5 week lag time of longer esters.

3. Advanced Stacking for Hardening Effects: During contest preparation, its rapid in-and-out action can be used strategically to enhance muscle density, vascularity, and hardness without contributing to subcutaneous estrogenic water retention when administered correctly and in concert with anti-estrogens.

Critical Considerations for Administration and Side Effect Management

Handling this powerful tool requires meticulous protocol. Failure to adhere can lead to significant adverse effects.

• Administration Protocol:

  • Frequency: Due to its fleeting half-life, injections are required at least once daily, often twice daily (every 12 hours) to maintain stable blood levels for cycle use. This necessitates a high volume of intramuscular injections.

  • Injection Technique: Must be deep intramuscular. Glutes, ventrogluteal, and quadriceps are common sites. The vial must be shaken vigorously immediately before drawing to re-suspend the crystals evenly. Use a larger gauge needle (e.g., 22-23G) to draw, and a 25G or thicker to inject to prevent clogging. Warm the vial under water to reduce viscosity.

• Estrogenic Side Effects: Crucially, while the testosterone in suspension has no ester, it is still highly aromatizable. The massive and rapid influx of testosterone can lead to extreme estrogenic side effects—gynecomastia, severe water retention, hypertension—if not managed with a suitable Aromatase Inhibitor (AI). Estrogen management is non-negotiable.

• Androgenic Side Effects: High rates of conversion to DHT can cause accelerated hair loss, acne, and increased aggression. Prolactin may also become elevated in sensitive individuals.

• HPTA Suppression: Like all exogenous testosterone, it will completely shut down endogenous production rapidly. A proper Post Cycle Therapy (PCT) protocol is essential after use.

Why Choose GenLabs Testosterone Suspension?

In a market where purity and accuracy are paramount, GenLabs stands apart. This product is manufactured for individuals who understand the stakes and require a tool that performs exactly as specified. Each batch is produced in a certified laboratory, with every step from raw material sourcing to final vial sealing subject to rigorous quality control. When dealing with a compound this potent and fast-acting, trust in the manufacturer is not an advantage—it is a prerequisite for safety and efficacy.

Final Verdict: A Specialist’s Instrument

GenLabs Testosterone Suspension (Water-Based) 50mg/ml is not for the curious novice. It is a specialist’s instrument, the pharmacological equivalent of a surgical scalpel or a race car’s nitrous oxide system. It offers an unparalleled, rapid-onset androgen surge for achieving acute performance peaks or executing precise phases within an advanced cycle. Its water-based formulation by GenLabs represents the optimal delivery method for this raw hormone, prioritizing tolerability and consistency.

For the experienced performance-oriented individual who has mastered esterified androgens, understands sophisticated ancillary and PCT protocols, and seeks the ultimate in acute anabolic impact, this product remains the gold standard. It is the pure essence of testosterone, delivered with the precision and quality that the GenLabs name guarantees.

Disclaimer: This product description is for informational and educational purposes only. Testosterone Suspension is a potent controlled substance in most countries, legally available only via prescription for diagnosed medical conditions such as hypogonadism. The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) without medical supervision carries severe risks to cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, and psychological health. This information does not constitute medical advice or an endorsement of use. Always consult with a licensed healthcare professional before considering any use of performance-enhancing drugs.

**Nandrolone Decanoate: A Comprehensive Overview**

Introduction:
Nandrolone Decanoate is a synthetic anabolic steroid that belongs to the class of 19-nor compounds. It is derived from testosterone and is widely used in the medical field for various therapeutic purposes. Nandrolone Decanoate is commonly known by its brand name Deca-Durabolin. In this detailed description, we will explore the pharmacology, uses, side effects, and precautions associated with this compound.

Pharmacology:
Nandrolone Decanoate is an androgen receptor agonist, meaning it binds to and activates the androgen receptors in various tissues of the body. This results in an increase in protein synthesis, nitrogen retention, and red blood cell production. These properties make it an effective anabolic agent, promoting muscle growth and improving athletic performance.

Medical Uses:
Nandrolone Decanoate has a long history of medical use. It is primarily prescribed to treat conditions such as anemia, osteoporosis, and muscle wasting diseases. The drug stimulates red blood cell production, which enhances oxygen-carrying capacity and improves endurance. In osteoporosis, it helps increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fractures. Additionally, Nandrolone Decanoate has been used to aid recovery in burn victims and to manage certain types of breast cancer.

Bodybuilding and Performance Enhancement:
Outside of its medical applications, Nandrolone Decanoate is widely used by bodybuilders and athletes for performance enhancement. It is highly regarded for its ability to increase muscle mass, enhance strength, and improve overall physique. The compound promotes nitrogen retention, leading to increased protein synthesis and muscle growth. Additionally, it helps alleviate joint pain and improve collagen synthesis, making it a popular choice among athletes.

Dosage and Administration:
The dosage of Nandrolone Decanoate varies depending on the individual and the purpose of use. In the medical field, the typical dose ranges from 50mg to 200mg every 2 to 4 weeks. However, in the performance enhancement realm, doses can be significantly higher, ranging from 200mg to 600mg per week. It is usually administered via intramuscular injection due to its long half-life.

Side Effects:
Like any other anabolic steroid, Nandrolone Decanoate is not without its potential side effects. Some common side effects include acne, oily skin, increased facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice. In men, it can cause testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count, and impotence. In women, it may lead to menstrual irregularities and virilization symptoms such as deepening of the voice and enlargement of the clitoris. Other potential side effects include cardiovascular issues, liver toxicity, and mood disturbances.

Precautions:
It is crucial to exercise caution and follow precautions when using Nandrolone Decanoate. Due to its potential for abuse and misuse, it is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is important to obtain it legally through a prescription and under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Regular monitoring of liver function, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular health is recommended to mitigate potential risks. It is also advised to undergo post-cycle therapy (PCT) to restore natural hormone production after discontinuing the use of Nandrolone Decanoate.

Conclusion:
Nandrolone Decanoate is a versatile compound with both medical and performance-enhancing applications. Its ability to promote muscle growth, increase red blood cell production, and improve bone density has made it valuable in treating various medical conditions. However, it should be used responsibly, under medical supervision, and with a thorough understanding of its potential side effects. If used judiciously and within recommended guidelines, Nandrolone Decanoate can offer significant benefits to patients and athletes alike.

Yohimbine is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the bark of the Pausinystalia yohimbe tree, which is native to Africa. It is primarily known for its pharmacological properties and has been used for various purposes over the years.

Yohimbine is classified as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, meaning it blocks the action of these receptors in the body. This mechanism of action can lead to several effects, most notably its potential as a stimulant, aphrodisiac, and fat-burning agent.

One of the most well-known uses of yohimbine is its potential as a sexual enhancer. It has been traditionally used as an aphrodisiac in many cultures, and it is believed to enhance sexual arousal and performance. Yohimbine works by increasing blood flow to the genital area and improving erectile function, which may be beneficial for individuals experiencing sexual dysfunction.

Furthermore, yohimbine has gained popularity as a weight loss supplement. It is believed to enhance fat burning by blocking alpha-2 receptors, which are responsible for inhibiting lipolysis (the breakdown of stored fats). By blocking these receptors, yohimbine may help promote fat mobilization and increase energy expenditure.

In addition to its effects on sexual function and weight loss, yohimbine has been investigated for its potential role in other areas. It has been studied for its potential as an antidepressant, due to its ability to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters that are involved in mood regulation. However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy in this regard.

It is important to note that while yohimbine has shown potential benefits, it may also have some side effects. These can include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, anxiety, and gastrointestinal distress. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using yohimbine, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking other medications.

Overall, yohimbine is a natural compound that has been traditionally used for various purposes. Its potential as a sexual enhancer, weight loss aid, and antidepressant alternative has sparked interest among researchers and consumers alike. However, caution should be exercised when using yohimbine, and professional advice should be sought to ensure its safe and appropriate usage.

Accutane, also known by its generic name isotretinoin, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of severe acne. It is available in various strengths, and in this case, we will discuss Accutane 10x 20mg.

Accutane belongs to a class of drugs called retinoids, which are derived from vitamin A. It works by reducing the production of oil in the skin, unclogging pores, and preventing the formation of acne. It is usually prescribed when other acne treatments have proven ineffective.

The dosage of Accutane is determined by the severity of the acne, the patient's weight, and their response to the medication. Accutane 10x 20mg implies a pack containing ten individual capsules, each containing 20mg of isotretinoin. The dosage may vary for each individual, and it is important to follow the prescribed instructions given by a healthcare professional.

It is worth noting that Accutane is a potent medication and should only be taken under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider. It is typically taken orally, with each dose usually taken with a meal to enhance absorption. The treatment duration can range from a few months to several months, depending on the response to the medication.

Accutane has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating severe acne, including nodular acne and cystic acne. It can significantly reduce the number of acne lesions, prevent scarring, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. However, it is important to understand that Accutane is not a quick fix and may require patience and consistent use to see results.

While Accutane can be highly beneficial, it is associated with some potential side effects. These side effects can range from mild to severe and may include dryness of the skin, lips, and eyes, increased sensitivity to sunlight, muscle and joint pain, hair thinning, mood changes, and temporary worsening of acne. It is crucial to discuss these potential side effects with a healthcare professional before starting the medication.

Due to the potential risks associated with Accutane, it is critical to use effective contraception methods if you are of childbearing potential, as the medication carries a significant risk of causing severe birth defects. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are usually required to ensure the safe use of Accutane.

In summary, Accutane 10x 20mg refers to a pack of ten capsules, each containing 20mg of isotretinoin. It is a powerful medication used for the treatment of severe acne and should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It has the potential to significantly improve acne, but it is important to be aware of the potential side effects and adhere to the prescribed instructions for safe and effective use.

**Liothyronine (L-T3): A Comprehensive Overview**

Introduction:
Liothyronine, also known as L-T3, is a synthetic form of the hormone triiodothyronine (T3), which is naturally produced by the thyroid gland. It is primarily used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland. L-T3 is a potent medication that provides a direct supply of T3 to the body, helping to restore normal thyroid hormone levels. In this detailed description, we will explore the various aspects of Liothyronine, including its mechanism of action, indications, dosage, side effects, and precautions.

Mechanism of Action:
Liothyronine exerts its effects by binding to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in the body's cells, activating gene transcription and protein synthesis. It increases the basal metabolic rate, enhances protein synthesis, and promotes the utilization of carbohydrates and fats for energy. By doing so, L-T3 regulates various physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and thermoregulation.

Indications:
Liothyronine is primarily prescribed for the treatment of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones in the body. It is also used in certain cases of thyroid cancer, goiter, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Additionally, L-T3 is sometimes utilized off-label for the treatment of depression, obesity, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Dosage and Administration:
Liothyronine is available in tablet form for oral administration. The dosage may vary depending on the patient's age, weight, and the severity of their condition. Typically, the initial dose ranges from 25 to 50 micrograms per day, which is then adjusted based on individual response and laboratory results. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult a healthcare professional before making any changes.

Side Effects:
Like any medication, Liothyronine can cause certain side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects may include increased heart rate, palpitations, tremors, nervousness, insomnia, sweating, heat intolerance, and diarrhea. These side effects are usually temporary and subside as the body adjusts to the medication. However, if any severe or persistent side effects occur, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Precautions:
Liothyronine should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions. Patients with cardiovascular disease, such as angina, arrhythmias, or hypertension, should be carefully monitored while taking L-T3. It is also important to inform your healthcare provider if you have diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, or any other endocrine disorders, as the dosage of Liothyronine may need to be adjusted. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before starting L-T3.

Drug Interactions:
Liothyronine may interact with other medications, affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of adverse effects. Drugs such as anticoagulants, beta-blockers, antidepressants, and certain diabetes medications may interact with L-T3. Therefore, it is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are currently taking to avoid any potential drug interactions.

Monitoring and Follow-Up:
Regular monitoring of thyroid function is essential while taking Liothyronine. Blood tests are performed to assess the levels of thyroid hormones, including T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Adjustments to the dosage of L-T3 may be made based on these laboratory results. It is important to attend follow-up appointments and communicate any concerns or changes in symptoms to your healthcare provider.

Conclusion:
Liothyronine (L-T3) is a synthetic form of the hormone triiodothyronine, primarily used for the treatment of hypothyroidism. It acts by supplementing the body with T3, regulating various physiological processes. When used as prescribed, L-T3 can effectively restore thyroid hormone levels and alleviate the symptoms of hypothyroidism. However, it is crucial to follow the recommended dosage, monitor for side effects, and seek medical advice when necessary. By doing so, patients can benefit from the therapeutic effects of Liothyronine and improve their overall well-being.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) 50mg Vial with Bacteriostatic Water – GenLabs: The Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide for Cellular Vitality

Product Overview: A Revolutionary Approach to Cellular Health

In the relentless pursuit of advanced health optimization and research into the fundamental processes of aging and cellular dysfunction, a paradigm-shifting compound has emerged: SS-31, also known as Elamipretide. GenLabs is proud to offer the highest purity research-grade SS-31 in a convenient 50mg vial, accompanied by a dedicated vial of Bacteriostatic Water (BAC Water) for precise reconstitution. This product represents a critical tool for serious researchers investigating the intricate world of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and cellular resilience.

Unlike traditional antioxidants that diffuse broadly with limited efficacy, SS-31 is a novel, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂). Its ingenious design allows it to accumulate within the inner mitochondrial membrane, the very epicenter of cellular energy production and a primary site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. By stabilizing and protecting this crucial cellular component, SS-31 represents a focused, mechanistic approach to supporting mitochondrial integrity, thereby influencing a vast array of downstream physiological processes critical for peak cellular performance.

Scientific Mechanism: Precision Targeting of the Powerhouse

To understand the significance of SS-31, one must first understand the mitochondria. These organelles are responsible for producing over 90% of the body's cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process, the electron transport chain (ETC), occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Over time, and under stress, this membrane can become damaged, leading to electron leakage, excessive ROS production, and a decline in ATP synthesis—a cycle implicated in numerous age-related and degenerative states.

SS-31 works through two primary, well-researched mechanisms:

1. Electrostatic Interaction & Membrane Stabilization: The unique structure of SS-31, with its alternating aromatic and basic residues, allows it to bind selectively to cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is essential for the proper structure and function of the ETC complexes. SS-31’s binding helps maintain optimal cardiolipin conformation, stabilizing the membrane architecture and ensuring the proteins of the ETC remain properly assembled and functional. This stabilization alone enhances the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.

2. Potent, Localized Antioxidant Activity: By concentrating within the mitochondria, SS-31 neutralizes harmful ROS like superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at their source, before they can spill into the cell and cause widespread oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. This targeted scavenging is exponentially more efficient than systemic antioxidants, protecting the delicate mitochondrial DNA and preserving the organelle's functional capacity.

The synergistic result of these actions is enhanced mitochondrial efficiency, increased ATP production, reduced apoptotic signaling (cellular death), and improved overall cellular vitality.

Key Features & Benefits of GenLabs SS-31 50mg Vial

• Mitochondria-Specific Action: Directly targets and concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the site of energy production and ROS generation, for unparalleled efficiency.

• Stabilizes Cardiolipin: Supports the structural integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane, ensuring optimal function of the electron transport chain and improving cellular bioenergetics.

• Source-Located Antioxidant Protection: Scavenges harmful reactive oxygen species at their point of origin, preventing oxidative damage before it compromises cellular components.

• Promotes Cellular Resilience: By improving energy output and reducing oxidative stress, SS-31 supports cellular survival mechanisms and may help maintain function in cells under metabolic or environmental stress.

• High-Purity, Research-Grade Formulation: GenLabs SS-31 is produced in a cGMP-certified facility, undergoes rigorous HPLC purification (>98% purity), and is sterile-filtered to ensure the highest quality and consistency for research purposes.

• Complete Kit: Includes one 50mg vial of lyophilized SS-31 peptide AND one separate vial of Bacteriostatic Water (0.9% Benzyl Alcohol), providing everything needed for accurate, multi-dose reconstitution and storage.

Primary Research Applications & Areas of Interest

SS-31 is the subject of extensive preclinical and clinical research. Key areas of scientific investigation include:

• Mitochondrial Bioenergetics & Function: Studying the direct impact on ATP synthesis rates, oxygen consumption (OCR), and membrane potential in various cell models.

• Age-Related Cellular Decline: Researching the peptide's role in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of the aging process and sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss).

• Neurological Research: Investigating neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative conditions, focusing on the high-energy demands and vulnerability of neuronal cells.

• Cardiovascular Research: Exploring support for endothelial function and myocardial cells, given the heart's extreme reliance on constant mitochondrial ATP production.

• Exercise Physiology & Muscle Recovery: Examining the potential for improved muscle endurance, reduced fatigue, and accelerated recovery through enhanced mitochondrial efficiency in muscle tissue.

• Fibrosis & Tissue Remodeling: Studying impacts on cellular processes related to fibrotic pathways in various organ systems.

Reconstitution, Storage & Handling Guidelines

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes. SS-31 is a research chemical strictly for laboratory use in vitro (e.g., cell cultures) or in controlled preclinical research settings. It is not for human or veterinary consumption.

1. Reconstitution: Aseptically inject the provided Bacteriostatic Water into the SS-31 peptide vial. Gently swirl or roll the vial until the lyophilized powder is fully dissolved. Do not shake vigorously, as this can denature the peptide.

2. Dosage Calculation: Research concentrations are typically in the micromolar (µM) to nanomolar (nM) range. Common in vitro concentrations in research studies range from 1nM to 100µM, depending on the cell type and assay. Precise calculation based on molecular weight (SS-31 = 816.98 g/mol) is essential.

3. Storage: Store the unreconstituted lyophilized peptide at -20°C or below for long-term stability. Once reconstituted with Bacteriostatic Water, the solution should be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C and used within a defined research period (typically 30 days), as the bacteriostatic agent inhibits microbial growth in multi-use vials.

4. Handling: Always use sterile techniques, gloves, and appropriate laboratory safety equipment when handling.

Why Choose GenLabs for Your SS-31 Research?

GenLabs is committed to empowering the scientific community with reliable, high-fidelity research compounds. Our SS-31 offering is backed by:

• Independent Third-Party Verification: Each batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) from an accredited laboratory, confirming identity, purity (>98%), potency, and sterility.

• Manufacturing Integrity: Produced in certified, sterile laboratories adhering to strict quality control protocols.

• Stability Assurance: Optimized lyophilization and packaging ensure the peptide reaches your lab with maximum stability and potency.

• Transparent Sourcing: We provide clear information on the origin and specifications of our products to ensure reproducibility in your research.

Product Name: SS-31 (Elamipretide) 50mg Vial with Bacteriostatic Water
Catalog Number: GL-PEP-SS31-50
Purity: ≥98% (by HPLC)
Format: Lyophilized white powder
Molecular Formula: C₃₄H₅₉N₁₃O₆
Molecular Weight: 816.98 g/mol
Sequence: D-Arg-DMT-Lys-Phe-NH₂
Storage: Store at -20°C or below. Protect from light.
Intended Use: For research use only. Not for human consumption, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.

Unlock the potential of mitochondrial medicine in your research. Order the GenLabs SS-31 50mg Vial with Bacteriostatic Water today and explore the frontier of cellular bioenergetics.

Tamoxifen is a medication that is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. It belongs to a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Tamoxifen works by blocking the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue, thus inhibiting the growth of estrogen-dependent cancer cells.

Breast cancer is often hormone receptor positive, meaning it is fueled by estrogen. Tamoxifen helps to counteract this by binding to estrogen receptors on cancer cells and preventing estrogen from binding to these receptors. This action reduces the stimulation of cancer cell growth and division, ultimately leading to the suppression of tumor growth.

Aside from its use in breast cancer treatment, Tamoxifen is also used for the prevention of breast cancer in women at high risk. It has been shown to reduce the incidence of both invasive and non-invasive breast cancer in such cases.

Tamoxifen is usually taken orally in the form of a tablet, typically once or twice daily. The dosage may vary depending on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule provided by the healthcare provider.

Like any medication, Tamoxifen can have potential side effects. Common side effects may include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, irregular menstrual periods, and mood changes. Some women may also experience more serious side effects such as blood clots, stroke, or uterine cancer, although these are relatively rare.

Before starting Tamoxifen, it is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any pre-existing medical conditions or medications you are currently taking, as they may interact with Tamoxifen. Additionally, women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not take Tamoxifen, as it can harm the developing fetus.

Regular follow-up visits and monitoring are important while taking Tamoxifen. This may include routine breast exams, mammograms, and gynecological evaluations to detect any potential complications or changes in the breast tissue.

In conclusion, Tamoxifen is a widely used medication for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It is an effective option for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and has been beneficial in reducing the risk of developing breast cancer in high-risk individuals. However, it is important to discuss the potential benefits and risks with your healthcare provider before starting Tamoxifen.